Rotary tool



Dec. 5, 1939.

ROTARY TOOL 2 Sheets-Shaft 1 Filed Aug. 11, 1937 7 .a /6 4 a .a4 e @o 7,76 JMW /HM Hw M QSWMJ L fz 2 6662 66 6 6 6 6 f a 6 w 6 m. 6 v f 67% 6 6 7 n v6/ a m wai 4a .o 7 7 6 e .W W4 6666 f 6 6 6 76 6,6 a. 4 l 1 W a a 6, w P/ 2 h 8 Q .w j 6E 7 k 5,7.Nv rn v am@ .nwuw64d Dec. 5, v1939. P VAN slTTERT l 2,182,416

y noma' Toor. Flned Aug. 11, 19:57 2 sheets-sunt 2 PA UL V4/V 67772797' INVENTOR BY v ATTORNEY i Patented Dec. 5, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ROTARY TOOL Application Allllt 1l, 1937, Serll'No. 158,493

7 Claiml. (Cl. ISB-30.5)

This invention relates broadly to rotary tools, but more particularly to iiuid actuated reversible rotary tools of the impact type. A

One object of this invention is to produce a rotary tool or motor especially iitted for setting or removing nuts, bolts or the like, and constituting a simple assembly which is strong, durable and emcient.

Another object of this invention is to produce a rotary tool adapted to engage the work for normally rotating the same, the tool being equipped with clutch means automatically disengageable when the torque reaches a predetermined resistance, allowing thereby the tool to accumulate rotative energy to be transmitted to the work upon the automatic reengagement of the clutch means resulting from a reduction in the torque resistance applied to the motor.

Another object of this invention is to produce a tool of the type aforesaid wherein the operative driving unit is mounted within a housing movable relative to the handle of the tool, thereby preventing sudden jars to be transmitted to the handle of the tool. Other objects and advantages more or less ancillary to the foregoing and the manner in which the various objects are attained, reside in the specic construction and aggroupment of the elements peculiar to this structure, as will become apparent from a more complete examination of this specification, in the claims of which' there are assembled certain specific combination of parts and specific constructions indicative of the scope and spirit of the invention. I n the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotary tool embodying the invention,

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing parts in a different position.` Fig. 3 is. a fragmentary view of Fig. 1, showing one part in a diierent position.

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view taken in a plane indicated by line 4-4 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view taken in a plane indicated by line 5-5 inFig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view taken in a plane indicated by line 6-6 in Fig. 1.

Fig. '7 is a cross sectional view taken in a plane indicated by line 1-1 in Fig. 1.

' 50 Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view taken in a plane indicated by line 8-8 in Fig. 2.

Fig. 9 is a top plane view of one clutch member shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Referring to thedrawings in which like symbols 55 designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, I5 represents a shell housing having mounted on its upper end a handle IB and on its lower end a front housing I1 which are secured in position by four long bolts I8. Within the handle I6, there is an inlet port I9 having motive 5 uid admitted therein and controlled by a throttle valve (not shown) operable by a trigger 20. The port I9 leads to a four way valve 2I rotatable within the handle I6.

Rotatably mounted within the shell housing I5, 10 there is a rotor housing or stator generally designated by 22 and comprising a sleeve 23 and an insert 24. The upper end of the-sleeve is internally threaded to receive a cap 25 which is locked to the sleeve by a pin 26. 'I'he cap 25 has an 15 upper shafted end portion 21 journaled within the handle I6. The lower end of the sleeve 23 is turned inwardly to form a rest 28 for a bearing plate 29. This bearing plate, the sleeve 23 and the insert 24 are locked together against relative 2o. rotation by any suitable means such as a pin 30. Interposed between the lower end of the cap 25 and the upper end of the insert 24, there is another bearing plate 3l also locked to the sleeve 23 by the pin 26. This plate has a shank end portion 32 pressed into the cap 25 and accommodating a bushing 33 within which is journaled the upper shafted end portion 34 of a rotor 35 which is rotatably mounted within the insert 24.

The rotor 35 is of the usual type mounted ecso centrically relative to the center axis of the insert 24 and carrying radially slidable blades 36 engageable with the inner wall of the insert. De-

` pending from the rotor 35, there is an integral shafted end 31 extending into the front housing I1 and journaled within a bushing 38, which is pressed within a sleeve 39 formed integral with the lower plate 29 and extending therefrom through the end wall 40 of the shell housing I5 into the front housing I1. This sleeve 39 is laterally supported by a bushing 4I disposed through the shell housings end wall 40.

Secured to the lower end of the sleeve 39 by a cross pin 42, there is a disk or cam 43 formed with a flat land 44 (see Fig. 4) and an arcuated 45 land 45 having its upper edge beveled as at 46.

The extreme lower end of the shaft or spindle 31 is journaled within a driven clutch member 41 rotatably mounted Within a bushing 48 extending through the front end of the front housing I1. This clutch member has its inner end formed with an annular flange 49 resting on the bushing 48 and having two diametrically disposed jaws 5I). extending upwardly, while its outer end forms a polygonal stem 5I having a socket member 52 55 lockedv thereon. against relative rotation and and 50, there is a compression spring 51 acting on the driving clutch member 55.

Intermediate its ends, the driving clutch mem f kber 55 is formed with an annular groove 58 having rotatable therein two diametrically opposed rollers 59 carried by a fork-like arm 60 of a bell crank lever 6I, which is pivotallyA mounted oni a cross pin 62 carried by the front housing I1. 'I'his lever has another arm 63 shaped for endengagement with the flat land 44 of the cam 43. The'outer end of the arm 63 is, also provided with a step 64 adapted to receive the free end ofza pawl 65 pivotally carried by the lower4 end wall 40 of the shell housing I5, and urged into engagement with the arm 62 by a compression spring 66. The pawl 65 is made to ride the bev edge 46 ofthe cam arcuated land 45.

Disposed around the cap 25, within the upper end of the shell housing I5,there is a torsional' spring 61 having one end secured to the handle I6 while the other end is aixed tothe cap 25.

The four way valve 2| is provided with one inlet chamber 68 having two radial ports 69 and 10 opening thereinto, and an exhaust chamber.

1| having a radial port 12 leading therefrom, and another port 13 connecting the chamber 1I to the atmosphere. Leading from the valve 2 I, there are two diametrically opposed ports 14 and 'I5 formed within the handle I6. In the shafted end 21 of the cap 25, there are provided two radial ports 16 and 11 opening into the ports 14 and 15 respectively. As shown in Figs. 5, the ports 14 and 15 are materially larger than the corresponding ports 16 and 11, allowing thereby limitedrelative rotation between the handle I6 and the cap without affecting the communication of the ports. From the port 16, `there exists a communication 'with the interior of the stator rality of radial ports 82. Leading similarly from the port 1,1 into the rotor chamber, there are the ports 83 and 84, the cavity 85 and the radial vthrough the ports 15, 11, l83 and 84. From the cavity 85, the motive fluid will flow into the rotor housing or stator 22 through the ports 86, wherein it will act on the blades 36 for imparting rotation to the rotor in a counterclockwise direction in Fig. 7. After acting on the blades, the

motive uid is free to exhaust from thev rotory chamber via the ports 82, the cavity 8|, the ports 80, '18, 16 and'14, and nally through the valve port 12, the exhaust chamber 1I 'and' the exhaust port 13. i

The rotation imparted to' the rotor Ias is or course transmitted toits integral shaft 31 and therefrom to the driving clutch member 55 which is splined on the shaft. When the driving clutch member is in operative engagement with the driven clutch member 41, that is, with the jaws 56 of the former engaging the jaws 50 of the latter, rotation is transmitted to the driven clutch 41 and therefrom to' the work or nut 53 through the socket 52. This constant rotation imparted to thework will continue until the Workls subjected to a predetermined torque resistance tending to retard the rotation speed of thev motor or rotor 35. When the rotor '35 is subjected, to an increased resistance to rotation, which increase may be either gradual orsudden, the motive uld normally acting on the blades 364 will increase in pressure and cause a partial rotation of the stator 22 in a direction adverse to that of the rotor, thereby winding the torsional spring 61. This recoil movement of the rotor housing relative to the stationary shell housing I5, the lhandle I6 and the front housing I1, will also be transmitted to the cam 43 which is keyed to the sleeve 39 of the lower bearing plate 29, thus causing the'cam, or more particularly `its flat land44, to move the arm 63 of the bell crank lever 6I away from the center axis of the tool into the position shown in driven clutch member 41. In this position of the' arm 63, the pawl 65 riding the bevel edge of the arcuated land 45 will be free to assume the position shown in Fig. 2, that is in engagement with the step 64 of the arm v63 for maintaining the driving clutch member out of engagement with the driven clutch member vllI1.

Due to the disengagement of the clutch members, the torque resistance previously applied on the rotorfwill be released, allowing the rotor 35 to gradually regain its normal speed and thereby reducing the back pressure of the motive fluid acting on the stator 22. As this back pressure is gradually reduced, the torsional spring 61 will impart a partial rotation' to the rotor housing 22 in a counterclockwise direction in Fig. 7, thereby causing the rotor housing to again assume its original position as shown in Fig. 1. During this partial rotationof the rotor housing 22, the arm 63 is maintained in clutch released or inoperative position until the pawl 65 is again engaged by the summit of the arcuated land 45 and moved thereby into the position shown in Fig. 1. This release of the arm 63 is calculated to take place immediately before the stator 22 reaches its normal position, assuring thereby the rotor 35 to regain its normal speed before the release of the arm 63 takes place. v

When the arm 63 is released from the pawl 65, the hat land 44 of the cam 43 is positioned as shown in Fig. 1, allowing the driving clutch member 41, through the eifort of the compression spring 51, to slide downwardly on the splined shaft 31 for sudden reengagement of the driving clutch jaws 56 with the corresponding clutch I jaws 50 of the driven clutch member. Since the driving clutch member 55 is rotatably driven by the shaft 31, the sudden reengagement of the clutch jaws 5I) and 56 will impart a rotative impact to the work receiving socket 56, and conse- -quently to the work 53.

In order to produce a powerful rotative impact of the driving clutch member 55 on the driven clutch member 41, the rotor 35 is espe- 75 ciall'y designed to weigh as much as possible for a tool of a given size, thus causing the rotor to act as a y-wheel. Due to the momentum of this rapidly rotating fly-wheel, it will be understood that the rotative impact transmitted to the socket 52 is greater than that resulting from the rotation of a lighter rotor used generally in tools of this type. Furthermore, after the work or nut 53 is initially set, the sudden load imparted to the rotor 35 upon the reengagement of the clutch members 55 and 41, will cause a sudden increase of the motive fluid pressure acting on the rotor, which increased pressure will immediately thereafter be capableof release for imparting lto the rotor an additional rotative power cooperating with the momentum of the heavy rotor for setting the work.

From the foregoing description, it willbe understood that immediately after the reengagement of the clutch members, the arm v63 will again be moved in clutch disengaging position, allowing the rotor to again regain `its normal speed for delivering a rotative impact to the work in the manner above described.

When it is desired to rotate the rotor in the other direction for removing the nut 53 instead of setting it, the four way valve 2| may be positioned as shown in Fig. 3. In this instance, the motive uid is free to flo-w through the valve ports 10, 68 and 69, from where it will be admitted into the stator 22 through the series of ports previously conveying the exhausting fluid, including the ports 82. Once in the rotor chamber, the motive fluid will act on the blades 36 for rotating the rotor in a clockwise direction in Fig. 7. Simultaneously the motive iiuid is exhausting from the rotor through the ports 86, and the series of ports previously used for conveying motive uid into the rotor chamber, including the port 15 now connected with the valve port 12, the exhaust chamber 1I and the exhaust port 13.

During the rotation of the rotor 35 in a. clock- Wise direction in Fig. 7, the action of the mechanism will be identical to the one above described, thereby producing a reversible motor capable of imparting a rapid succession of rotative blows or impacts to the work engaged by the motor.

Although the foregoing description is necessarily of a detailed character, in order to completely set forth the invention, it is to be understood that the specic terminology is not intended to be restrictive or confining and it is to be further understood that various rearrangements of parts and modifications of structural detail may be resorted to without departing from the scopeor spirit of the invention as herein claimed.

I claim:

1. In a tool of the character described, a iiuid motor including a, handle, a housing, connecting Imeans between said handle and housing enabling relative movement therebetween, a rotor within said housing, passages admittingmotive fluid into said housing for normally driving said rotor and effecting said relative movement under certain porting means for said housing enabling said relative rotation, said housing having motive fluid admitted therein normally driving said rotor and effecting said limited rotation under certain conditions of operation, a work engaging member, rotation transmitting clutch means between said rotor and member capable of release to enable re1- ative rotation therebetween, and means'operatively Aassociated with said clutch means deriving motion from said limited rotation for effecting said release. l

3. In a tool of the character described, a fluid motor including a rotor, a housing for said rotor capable of 'oscillatory movement relative thereto, supporting means for said housing enabling its oscillatory movement, said housing having motive fluid admitted therein normally driving said rotor and effecting limited rotation of said housing in one direction when said rotor is subjected to an abnormal torque resistance, spring means effecting the return of said housing after the release of said abnormal torque resistance, a work engaging member, rotation transmitting clutch means between said rotor and member capable of release to enable relative rotation therebetween, and means operatively associated with said lclutch means responsive toA the oscillatory movement 'of said housing for effecting the release and enabling subsequent reengagement of said clutch means.

4. In/a tool of the character described, a'uid motor including a rotor, a housing for said rotor` capable of oscillatory movement relative thereto, supporting means for said housing enabling its oscillatory movement, said housing having motive iluid admitted therein normally driving said rotor and effecting limited rotary movement of said housing in one direction under abnormal conditions of operation, spring means effecting subsequent return movement of said housing, a Work engaging member, rotation transmitting clutch means between said rotor and member movablev into operative or inoperative position, means operatively associated with said clutch means responsive to the rotary movement of saidhousing for shifting said clutch means into inoperative position, and locking means retaining said clutch means into inoperative position releasable by virtue of the return movement of said housing for enabling movement of said clutch means into operative po'sition.

5. In a'tool of the character described, a rotarymotor including a stator and a handle'capable of relative rotation, a power actuated rotor within said stator,a rotatable member, a rotation transmitting connection between said rotor and member including clutch means movable into and out of operative engagement, a spring normally urging said clutch means into operative engagement, and clutch means actuating means deriving motion from said relative rotation in one direction for shifting said clutch means into inoperative position and responsive to said relative rotation in the other direction to enable operative reengagement of said clutch means by said spring.

6. In a tool of the character described, a power actuated rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven element subjected to normal and abnormal torque resistances, rotation transmitting clutch` means between said member and element capable.

normal -torque resistance of said element to effect the release oi' said clutch means, and locking I `means to retain said clutch means in released position, said cam being actuated in the other direction by virtue of a normal torque resistance of said element to eil'ect the release of said locking means.

' 7. Ina tool of the character described, a pow`er actuated rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven element, rotation transmitting clutch jaws between said member and element capable of realegue tuated during other conditions o1' operation i'or" l enabling reensagement of said clutch Jaws.

PAUL VAN SITI'ERT. 

